| मुख्य संदर्भ. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
|---|---|
| टिप्पणी | Inhabit coastal as well as offshore waters. Found around coral reefs, rocky areas, estuaries, mangrove areas (Also Ref. 128694), and sometimes in lower reaches of rivers (especially the young). Found in freshwater in Florida (Ref. 26938). Often forming large aggregations. Feed mainly at night on small fishes, shrimps, crabs, gastropods, cephalopods and some planktonic items. Carnivore (Ref. 42240, 57616). Easily approached (Ref. 9710). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| सब्सट्रेट | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| सब्सट्रेट रेफ. | |
| विशेष निवास स्थान | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| विशेष आवास संदर्भ. |
| संदर्भ | |
|---|---|
| संघों | schooling; |
| के साथ जुड़े | |
| एसोसिएशन की टिप्पणी | Adults submit to parasite removal by small fishes, e.g. gobies (Gobiosoma oceanops) and porkfish (Anisotremus virginicus). |
| सुस्ती |
| भोजन का प्रकार | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| खिला प्रकार संदर्भ. | Bardach, J.E., 1959 |
| भोजन की आदत | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| भोजन की आदत संदर्भ. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Estimation method | मूल नमूना | मछली न पकड़ी गई आबादी | टिप्पणी | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| आहार संरचना से | 4.23 | 0.31 | 4.19 | 0.71 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
| अलग-अलग खाद्य पदार्थों से | 3.88 | 0.79 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| संदर्भ | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 | ||||