| Main Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., 1986 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Feeds mainly on fish, but also squids and crustaceans (Ref. 4703). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., 1986 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., 1986 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.34 | 0.13 | Troph of juv./adults from 67 studies. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.51 | 0.69 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Morte, M.S., M.J. Redón and A. Sanz-Brau, 1999 | ||||