| Rif. principale. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
|---|---|
| Osservazioni | Most abundant from 90 m to 250 m deep and bottom temperatures of -0.5 to 2.5°C (Ref. 6263). Lives on soft bottoms (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on polychaetes, echinoderms, molluscs, crustaceans and fish. It is preyed upon by cod, halibut and Greenland sharks. Parasites of the species include 3 protozoans, 15 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 7 nematodes (including the sealworm Phocanema decipiens), 3 acanthocephalans and 2 copepods (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrato Rif. | |
| Habitat speciali | |
| Habitat speciali Rif. |
| Fonte Biblio. | |
|---|---|
| Associazioni | schooling; shoaling; |
| Associato a | |
| Osservazioni dell'associazione | Reported vertical distribution pattern of American plaice aggregations in response to temperature changes; reference to deepwater and shallow-water aggregations (Ref. 94968). Spawning adults migrate from greater depths into shoaler grounds before spawning (Ref. 43395). Tagging studies show this species is relatively sedentary and form discrete populations with only short seasonal depth migrations as a response to water temperature changes; with populations tending to return to the same areas with little mixing (geographically isolated) (Ref. 86779). |
| Parassitismo |
| Tipo di alimentazione | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo di alimentazione Rif. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
| Abitudini alimentari | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Abitudini alimentari Rif. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
| Estimation method | Campione originale | Popolazione non pescata | Commento | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Dalla composizione della dieta | 4.08 | 3.52 | 0.39 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| Da singoli alimenti | 4.16 | 0.96 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Fonte Biblio. | Pitt, T.K., 1973 | ||||