| Ref. principal | Fricke, R., 1999 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Tolerates very low salinities. Feeds on benthic organisms at lies on the seabed (Ref. 9773). Euryhaline species. Found in sandy or muddy substrates (Refs. 127989, 129713). Common off sandy beaches and in shallow estuaries and lagoons; also found in sandy areas of coral reefs (Refs. 9710, 9773). Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Also offshore down to 50 m depth (Ref. 5578). May enter fresh water (Ref. 5578). Feeds on small fishes, bivalves, crabs, shrimps and worms. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1986 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1986 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.60 | 0.59 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.64 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Nasir, N.A., 2000 | ||||