Ecology Summary - Encrasicholina heteroloba
Ecology of Encrasicholina heteroloba
 
Main Ref. Thollot, P., 1996
Remarks Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf. Schooling species (Ref. 75154). Pelagic-marine. Inhabits inshore waters, forming shoals. Planktivorous (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Encrasicholina heteroloba may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Pelagic;
Substrate Ref. Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Special habitats Beds: sea grass;
Special habitats Ref. Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002

Associations

Ref.
Associations schooling; shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Thollot, P., 1996
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Thollot, P., 1996
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.27 0.10 3.16 0.22 Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
From individual food items 3.50 0.45 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Milton, D.A., S.J.M. Blaber and N.J.F. Rawlinson, 1990
(e.g. 9948)
(e.g. oophagy)
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