| Ref. principal | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Forms schools of up to 100 individuals which remain at a fixed position in the water column (Ref. 13780). A euryhaline species inhabiting rocky and sometimes sandy bottoms to depths of 160 m, but more commonly in less than 50 m. The young are sometimes found in seagrass beds. Feeds on crustaceans, worms and mollusks (Ref. 3688). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | FAO EastMed Project, 2013 |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.52 | 0.12 | 3.22 | 0.34 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.34 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 | ||||