| Belangrijkste Ref. | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Opmerkingen | Inhabits coastal rocky reef areas (Ref. 12460) and Posidonia oceanica beds. Like other sparids, it is very active and frequents the surf zone, primarily at dawn (Ref. 13780). Diurnal omnivore feeding on algae, sea-urchins, worms, gastropods and amphipods (Ref. 55064). Important predators of sea urchins in Azorean coastal habitats (Ref. 55064). Feeds on shellfish and other benthic invertebrates which it picks from the sediment (Ref. 5377). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Ondergrond | Soft Bottom: sand; |
|---|---|
| Substraat Ref. | |
| Speciale habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Speciale habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associaties | |
| Geassocieerd met | |
| Opmerkingen in verband met associaties | |
| Parasitisme |
| Voedingstype | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Type voeding Ref. | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 |
| Voedingsgewoonte | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Voedingsgewoonte Ref. | Maigret, J. and B. Ly, 1986 |
| Estimation method | Origineel staal | Onbeviste populatie | Opmerking | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Op basis van dieetsamenstelling | 3.38 | 0.09 | 3.03 | 0.22 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
| Op basis van individuele voedselitems | 3.24 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 | ||||