| Main Ref. | Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Benthopelagic species (Ref. 1371) found at depth ranges of 90-1250 m (usually 200-500 m) (Ref. 57059). Found commonly in about 200-500 m. Feeds on a variety of benthic organisms, such as polychaetes, gastropods, cephalopods, numerous crustacean groups (copepods, gammarians, isopods, cumaceans, Natantia) and fish. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1979 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1989 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.49 | 0.24 | 3.44 | 0.43 | Troph of adults from 4 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.56 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1979 | ||||