| Main Ref. | Hulley, P.A., 1984 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | High-oceanic, epipelagic to mesopelagic, at 375-650 m by day (most common at 500 m); nycto-epipelagic at surface and down to 200 m (Ref. 4775). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Hopkins, T.L., T.T. Sutton and T.M. Lancraft, 1996 |
| Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Gartner, J.V. Jr., R.E. Carbtree and K.J. Sulak, 1997 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||