| Rif. principale. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| Osservazioni | Prefers offshore reefs (Ref. 9710) and open marine waters (Ref. 26938). Juveniles often found near the shore on seagrass beds or often associated jellyfish or floating Sargassum (Ref. 5217). Feeds on small fishes (Ref. 26235). Piscivore (Ref. 57616). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | Soft Bottom: mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Rif. | Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus, 1984 |
| Habitat speciali | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; |
| Habitat speciali Rif. | Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992 |
| Fonte Biblio. | Coupal, L., E. Bédard, C. Peguero and I.S. Durante, 1992 |
|---|---|
| Associazioni | solitary; |
| Associato a | Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). |
| Osservazioni dell'associazione | Generally solitary but sometimes seen in small groups (Ref. 26235). |
| Parassitismo |
| Tipo di alimentazione | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo di alimentazione Rif. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Abitudini alimentari | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Abitudini alimentari Rif. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Estimation method | Campione originale | Popolazione non pescata | Commento | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Dalla composizione della dieta | 4.48 | 0.21 | 4.43 | 0.76 | Troph of juv./adults from 11 studies. |
| Da singoli alimenti | 4.50 | 0.80 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Fonte Biblio. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 | ||||