| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Dubochkin, A.S. and A.N. Kotlyar, 1989 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Inhabits the outer shelf (180 m) and slope to at least 1,300 m depth, probably moving further from the bottom at night; often found over seamounts (Ref. 9833) and underwater ridges (Ref. 33648). Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 9072). Feeds mainly on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods (Ref. 33648). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| ທາດຍ່ອຍ | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ Ref. |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
|---|---|
| ສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ | |
| ຄໍາເຫັນຂອງສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກາຝາກ |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Dubochkin, A.S. and A.N. Kotlyar, 1989 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| ນິໄສການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 4.27 | 0.21 | 4.25 | 0.69 | Troph of juv./adults from 7 studies. |
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.81 | 0.74 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Dubochkin, A.S. and A.N. Kotlyar, 1989 | ||||