| Main Ref. | Yoshiyama, R.M. and J.D.S. Darling, 1982 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs in the intertidal (common) and to 13 m depth (Ref. 2850). May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Yoshiyama, R.M. and J.D.S. Darling, 1982 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.70 | 0.40 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.06 | 0.26 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 | ||||