| Réf. principale | Olesiuk, P.F., 1993 |
|---|---|
| Remarques | May occur in large schools near the surface both inshore and offshore, but also buries itself in sand (Ref. 2850). Inshore, found from intertidal to subtidal areas (Ref. 2850). Offshore, found near the surface over deep water (Ref. 2850). Juveniles and adults feed on zooplankton (Ref. 28499). Also feeds on crustaceans, snails and worms (Ref. 58426). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrat | |
|---|---|
| Substrat Réf. | |
| Habitats spéciaux | |
| Habitats particuliers Réf. |
| Réf. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associé avec | |
| Remarques sur les associations | |
| Parasitisme |
| Type de prise alimentaire | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Type d'alimentation Réf. | Hart, J.L., 1973 |
| Habitude alimentaire | selective plankton feeding |
| Habitudes alimentaires Réf. |
| Estimation method | Échantillon original | Population non pêchée | Remarque | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| À partir du régime alimentaire | 3.13 | 0.08 | Troph of juv./adults from 9 studies. | ||
| À partir des éléments alimentaires | 3.26 | 0.27 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Réf. | Khudya, V.N., N.A. Fedotova and I.N. Mukhametov, 1996 | ||||