Ecology Summary - Amblyraja radiata

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Οικολογία του Amblyraja radiata

Κύρια αναφορά.	Berestovskiy, E.G., 1990
Σχόλια	A boreal to arctic species, living offshore on hard and soft bottoms at temperatures of -1.4-14°C. Epi- to mesobenthic, on clay and mud bottom from littoral zone to depths of more than 1,000 meters (Ref. 119696). Seasonal shoaling of juveniles assumed from bulk catch with great concentrations of juveniles found throughout the Gulf of Maine, Massachusetts Bay, the Bay of Fundy, the Scotian Shelf, and the perimeter of Georges Bank during spring and fall seasons; both the spring and fall 1978-2002 Massachusetts inshore trawl surveys show concentrations of juvenile thorny skate around Cape Ann and into Massachusetts Bay, and in Cape Cod Bay (Ref. 49751). Based on tagging experiments, does not appear to make seasonal migrations; known to be rather sedentary (Ref. 86779). Benthic, inhabiting substrates from sand to mud and pebbles to broken shells. Dwells on the continental shelf at depths between 5-1540m. Found in water temperatures between -1.4°C to 14°C. Feeds at a trophic level of about 3.82 (Ref. 117245).

Κύρια αναφορά.

Berestovskiy, E.G., 1990

Σχόλια

A boreal to arctic species, living offshore on hard and soft bottoms at temperatures of -1.4-14°C. Epi- to mesobenthic, on clay and mud bottom from littoral zone to depths of more than 1,000 meters (Ref. 119696). Seasonal shoaling of juveniles assumed from bulk catch with great concentrations of juveniles found throughout the Gulf of Maine, Massachusetts Bay, the Bay of Fundy, the Scotian Shelf, and the perimeter of Georges Bank during spring and fall seasons; both the spring and fall 1978-2002 Massachusetts inshore trawl surveys show concentrations of juvenile thorny skate around Cape Ann and into Massachusetts Bay, and in Cape Cod Bay (Ref. 49751). Based on tagging experiments, does not appear to make seasonal migrations; known to be rather sedentary (Ref. 86779). Benthic, inhabiting substrates from sand to mud and pebbles to broken shells. Dwells on the continental shelf at depths between 5-1540m. Found in water temperatures between -1.4°C to 14°C. Feeds at a trophic level of about 3.82 (Ref. 117245).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	υπεράκτια ζώνη παράκτια ζώνη υποθαλάσσια ζώνη	επιπελαγικά μεσοπελαγικό επιπελαγικά abyssopelagic Αγιοπελαγική	Εκβολές/λιμνοθάλασσες/υφάλμυρες θάλασσες μαγκρόβια βάλτοι/βαλτότοποι	ποτάμια/ρέματα λίμνες/λίμνες Σπηλιές αποκλειστικά

Highighted items on the list are where Amblyraja radiata may be found.

Habitat

Υπόστρωμα	Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rubble;
Υπόστρωμα Ref.	Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018
Ειδικά ενδιαιτήματα
Ειδικά ενδιαιτήματα Ref.

Ενώσεις

Αναφ.	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988
Ενώσεις	shoaling;
Συνδέεται με
Παρατηρήσεις του Συλλόγου	Parasites of the species include 3 protozoans, 1 turbellarian, 1 monogenean, 1 trematode, 10 cestodes, 5 nematodes and 4 copepods, found on the skin, digestive tract and body cavity (Ref. 5951).
Παρασιτισμός	outside hostinside host

Διατροφή

Τροφικός Τύπος	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Τύπος τροφοδοσίας Ref.	Berestovskiy, E.G., 1990
Τροφική Συνήθεια	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Συνήθεια διατροφής Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Αρχικό δείγμα		Μη αλιευμένος πληθυσμός		Σχόλιο
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Σχόλιο
Από σύσταση δίαιτας	4.20	0.27	3.89	0.58	Troph of adults from 5 studies.
Από ατομικά τροφικά αντικείμενα	4.50	1.07			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Αναφ.	Skjæraasen, J.E. and O.A. Bergstad, 2000

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Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Habitat

Ενώσεις

Διατροφή