| Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Euryhaline, anadromous, northward migration in spring (March/April), but sometimes as early as February or even January), a little distance from the shore. No feeding by A. kessleri kessleri during migration up rivers whereas A. kessleri volgensis feed en route. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.46 | 0.74 | 4.12 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.60 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Heckman, C.W., 1991 | ||||