| Ref. principal | Fernholm, B., 1998 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Pelagic (Ref. 9773). Occurs inshore and offshore (Also Ref. 9773), from the intertidal to at least 70 m depth (Ref. 9862); over soft substrates to at least 115 m (Ref. 103981). Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). May enter brackish water (Ref. 31276). Feeds on worms, crustaceans, snails, and bony fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). With litters of up to 4 young. Size at birth about 17 cm WD (Ref. 6871). Caught frequently, but in lower numbers, by bottom trawl and inshore gillnet fisheries in some areas. Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its small size (Ref. 58048). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | |||||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.85 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||